fix: correct SQLite column metadata types

[huytdps13400]

Summary

• compare SQLite declared types with strcmp(...) == 0 instead of treating non-equality as a match
• restore metadata mapping for BOOLEAN, FLOAT, INTEGER, TEXT, BLOB, and undeclared expressions
• add real-database regression coverage for both execute() and executeAsync()

This preserves the current exact-declaration contract. Affinity aliases such as REAL, DOUBLE, VARCHAR(...), and INT remain outside the existing mapping and continue to fall back to NULL_VALUE.

Verification

• iOS react-native-harness focused RED before fix: 2 metadata tests failed (BOOLEAN reported as NUMBER)
• iOS react-native-harness focused GREEN after fix: 2 passed
• iOS react-native-harness full unit file: 34 passed
• bun run typecheck (all three workspaces)
• Prettier check for the harness test
• clang-format dry run for types.hpp
• git diff --check

Closes #305.